Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of telecom and computer networks, the coexistence and competition of various network types have given rise to challenges that demand innovative solutions. As the networks expanded to accommodate a growing array of services, complexities emerged, particularly in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and IP networks. While IP networks are comparatively simpler… Continue reading Enhancing IP-MPLS Networks: Overcoming Challenges and Embracing SDN Advancements